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Peer-Reviewed Study Updates, Explained Clearly

Result-led summaries of clinical studies that matter for telehealth research. Every update identifies the population, intervention, measured result, and limits before linking to the primary source.

24 study updatesPeer-reviewed sourcesUpdated as studies are reviewed
72-week obesity trial
Published May 2025

20.2% average loss with tirzepatide vs. 13.7% with semaglutide

A peer-reviewed 72-week trial found greater average weight loss with tirzepatide than with semaglutide. This explains the study result—not which treatment, provider, or price is right for an individual.

Aronne et al., NEJM 2025 · SURMOUNT-5Read update
STEP 1 trial
Published February 2021

14.9% average loss with semaglutide at 68 weeks

The STEP 1 trial is a foundational peer-reviewed study of once-weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg with lifestyle intervention. Its result describes an average trial outcome under a specific eligibility, dosing, and follow-up protocol—not a promise of a particular outcome from an online program.

Wilding et al., NEJM 2021 · STEP 1Read update
SURMOUNT-1 trial
Published June 2022

20.9% average loss with tirzepatide at 72 weeks

SURMOUNT-1 evaluated three once-weekly tirzepatide doses with lifestyle intervention in adults without diabetes. The headline result comes from the 15 mg arm at week 72 and is an average outcome under the trial’s defined conditions.

Jastreboff et al., NEJM 2022 · SURMOUNT-1Read update
SELECT trial
Published November 2023

20% lower major cardiovascular event risk with semaglutide

SELECT is a large peer-reviewed outcomes trial in a defined cardiovascular-risk population. Its 20% relative risk reduction refers to a composite endpoint in participants with established cardiovascular disease—not a general promise for everyone seeking weight management.

Lincoff et al., NEJM 2023 · SELECTRead update
SURMOUNT-4 trial
Published December 2023

5.5% further loss with continued tirzepatide at 88 weeks

SURMOUNT-4 examined what happened after participants completed 36 weeks of tirzepatide treatment. It found further average loss among people who continued treatment during the randomized phase, while the placebo-switch group regained weight on average.

Aronne et al., JAMA 2024 · SURMOUNT-4Read update
SURMOUNT-3 trial
Published October 2023

18.4% additional loss with tirzepatide after lifestyle program

SURMOUNT-3 studied tirzepatide after participants had first completed an intensive lifestyle program and lost at least 5% of body weight. The result reflects additional average loss under that trial structure, not a stand-alone prediction for a general online-care program.

Wadden et al., Nature Medicine 2023 · SURMOUNT-3Read update
STEP 4 trial
Published March 2021

7.9% further loss with continued semaglutide over 48 weeks

STEP 4 evaluated continued once-weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg after a 20-week lead-in. Its result is about the randomized continuation period and supports a more precise question than a generic before-and-after claim: what happened while treatment continued under the trial protocol?

Rubino et al., JAMA 2021 · STEP 4Read update
STEP 5 trial
Published October 2022

15.2% average loss with semaglutide at 104 weeks

STEP 5 followed adults using once-weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg or placebo for two years alongside behavioral intervention. It offers a longer-term trial result under defined eligibility, dose, and follow-up conditions—not a forecast of what a particular online program or individual will experience.

Garvey et al., Nature Medicine 2022 · STEP 5Read update
STEP 8 trial
Published January 2022

15.8% average loss with semaglutide vs. 6.4% with liraglutide

STEP 8 compared two established weight-management medicines under a defined 68-week trial protocol. The result reports a larger average weight change with once-weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg than with once-daily liraglutide 3.0 mg, but it does not decide which medicine, provider, or program is appropriate for any individual.

Rubino et al., JAMA 2022 · STEP 8Read update
SURMOUNT-OSA trial
Published June 2024

20 fewer breathing interruptions/hour with tirzepatide at 52 weeks

SURMOUNT-OSA studied tirzepatide in adults who had both obesity and moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea. Its primary endpoint was the apnea–hypopnea index, which measures breathing interruptions per hour of sleep. The findings are specific to that clinical population and trial design, not a replacement for sleep-apnea evaluation or personal treatment planning.

Malhotra et al., NEJM 2024 · SURMOUNT-OSARead update
FLOW kidney-outcomes trial
Published May 2024

24% lower kidney-event risk with semaglutide

FLOW was a peer-reviewed kidney-outcomes trial in adults who had both type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Its headline result concerns a prespecified composite kidney outcome under a specific clinical protocol—not a general prediction for every person seeking GLP-1 care.

Perkovic et al., NEJM 2024 · FLOWRead update
STEP-HFpEF trial
Published August 2023

13.3% average loss with semaglutide in HFpEF

STEP-HFpEF evaluated weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg in people who had both obesity and symptomatic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. It reported weight, symptom, and exercise-function results under a defined one-year protocol—not a substitute for heart-failure care or an individual treatment plan.

Kosiborod et al., NEJM 2023 · STEP-HFpEFRead update
SUMMIT trial
Published November 2024

38% lower worsening-HF or CV-death risk with tirzepatide

SUMMIT tested tirzepatide in adults with obesity-related HFpEF, following participants for a median of two years. The headline result is a relative reduction in a composite cardiovascular-death or worsening-heart-failure endpoint under trial conditions—not a promise of outcome or access for a particular person.

Packer et al., NEJM 2025 · SUMMITRead update
STEP 10 trial
Published July 2024

13.9% average loss with semaglutide in obesity and prediabetes

STEP 10 tested once-weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg in adults who had both obesity and prediabetes. It reported a 52-week average weight and laboratory-glycaemia result under a defined eligibility, dose-escalation, counselling, and follow-up protocol—not proof of long-term diabetes prevention or a personal outcome forecast.

McGowan et al., Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology 2024 · STEP 10Read update
SURMOUNT-2 trial
Published June 2023

14.7% average loss with tirzepatide in type 2 diabetes

SURMOUNT-2 evaluated tirzepatide in adults who had both overweight or obesity and type 2 diabetes. Its headline 14.7% result is the 15 mg dose-arm average at week 72 under trial eligibility and follow-up conditions—not a result that can be assumed for people without diabetes or for a particular telehealth program.

Garvey et al., Lancet 2023 · SURMOUNT-2Read update
SURMOUNT-1 three-year extension
Published November 2024

19.7% average loss with tirzepatide at 176 weeks

This prespecified three-year SURMOUNT-1 analysis followed participants with obesity and prediabetes. It reported dose-specific average weight change and fewer diagnosed type 2 diabetes cases during the 176-week treatment period. Those findings are trial results under specific eligibility and follow-up conditions—not a personal prediction or an FDA-approved diabetes-prevention claim.

Jastreboff et al., NEJM 2025 · SURMOUNT-1 three-year extensionRead update
STEP-HFpEF DM trial
Published April 2024

9.8% average loss with semaglutide in HFpEF and type 2 diabetes

STEP-HFpEF DM studied once-weekly semaglutide in adults who had obesity-related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and type 2 diabetes. It found improvements in weight and a patient-reported heart-failure health-status score under a one-year trial protocol. The study is not a substitute for heart-failure or diabetes care and does not establish an HFpEF indication.

Kosiborod et al., NEJM 2024 · STEP-HFpEF DMRead update
OASIS 1 trial
Published June 2023

15.1% average loss with oral semaglutide at 68 weeks

OASIS 1 evaluated an oral semaglutide regimen escalated to 50 mg daily in adults without type 2 diabetes. The 68-week trial reported average weight loss under defined eligibility and lifestyle-intervention conditions. The studied 50 mg dose should not be treated as the same as the currently listed U.S. 25 mg oral maintenance dose.

Knop et al., Lancet 2023 · OASIS 1Read update
STEP 3 trial
Published February 2021

16.0% average loss with semaglutide plus intensive behavioral therapy

STEP 3 tested weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg on top of an unusually intensive lifestyle protocol: an initial low-calorie meal-replacement diet plus 30 counseling visits. Its 16.0% result describes the combined trial program, not semaglutide alone, ordinary lifestyle support, or a result an online provider can promise.

Wadden et al., JAMA 2021 · STEP 3Read update
STEP 9 trial
Published October 2024

13.7% average loss with semaglutide in knee osteoarthritis

STEP 9 evaluated weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg in people who had obesity, moderate knee osteoarthritis, and at least moderate knee pain. It reported weight and pain-score improvements under a 68-week protocol. The findings are not an osteoarthritis treatment recommendation or evidence that semaglutide changes joint structure or disease progression.

Bliddal et al., NEJM 2024 · STEP 9Read update
STEP 7 trial
Published February 2024

12.1% average loss with semaglutide at 44 weeks

STEP 7 studied weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg in a predominantly East Asian population with overweight or obesity. Its 44-week result is an average under the trial's eligibility, titration, lifestyle, and follow-up conditions—not a prediction for a particular person or program.

Mu et al., Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology 2024 · STEP 7Read update
OASIS 4 trial
Published September 2025

13.6% average loss with oral semaglutide at 64 weeks

OASIS 4 tested once-daily oral semaglutide 25 mg in adults without diabetes. The reported 64-week average describes that dose, population, lifestyle intervention, and trial follow-up—not an outcome a provider can promise or an assurance that an online program offers the studied regimen.

Wharton et al., NEJM 2025 · OASIS 4Read update
STEP UP trial
Published September 2025

18.7% average loss with semaglutide 7.2 mg at 72 weeks

STEP UP compared a weekly 7.2 mg semaglutide regimen with 2.4 mg and placebo in adults with obesity without diabetes. Its 72-week results describe dose-specific trial averages under a defined protocol—not an individual outcome forecast or evidence that every provider offers the studied dose.

Wharton et al., Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology 2025 · STEP UPRead update
SURPASS-2 type 2 diabetes trial
Published June 2021

11.2 kg average loss with tirzepatide vs. 5.7 kg with semaglutide

SURPASS-2 directly compared three tirzepatide doses with semaglutide 1 mg in adults using metformin for type 2 diabetes. Its primary outcome was HbA1c change at 40 weeks; weight change was a secondary outcome. The result does not compare the current highest semaglutide dose, telehealth programs, or individual treatment suitability.

Frías et al., NEJM 2021 · SURPASS-2Read update